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Radicalisation is a complex process that involves individuals adopting extreme political, social, or religious ideologies that deviate from mainstream norms. While radicalisation is typically discussed in the context of adolescents or adults, its implications for early childhood development should not be overlooked. Radicalisation can affect children, especially in environments where extremist ideologies are present, potentially influencing their psychological and social development.

A Vulnerable Time

Children under the age of 7 are at a critical stage in their cognitive and emotional development. During these formative years, children learn through observation, imitation, and social interaction. If they are exposed to radical ideologies—whether through family members, community networks, or media—their emerging values and beliefs may be shaped in ways that support extremist worldviews. Although children at this age may not fully understand complex ideological concepts, they are highly impressionable and sensitive to the attitudes and behaviours of authority figures, such as parents or caregivers.

Early Ideological Influences

In early childhood, the process of radicalisation might begin subtly, through the normalisation of extremist ideas or actions in the home environment. Children are likely to absorb the attitudes, prejudices, and beliefs of those around them. For instance, a family that holds extremist views might instil notions of "us versus them," fostering hostility toward out-groups. Over time, such exposure could lay the groundwork for a more profound ideological shift as the child grows older.

This process can be compared to the "pre-radicalisation" stage in older individuals. In children, it manifests as an early exposure to radical ideas, even if they have not yet fully formed or understood them. Storytelling, play, and media used in extremist environments can be powerful tools to shape young minds, presenting radical worldviews as normal or even desirable.

The Role of Identity and Belonging in Early Childhood

One of the key aspects of radicalisation is the need for identity and belonging, which is crucial even in early childhood. Children naturally seek acceptance and validation from their families and communities. If a child grows up in an environment where radical ideologies are prevalent, they may come to see these beliefs as integral to their identity. These ideas can become ingrained as the child associates them with feelings of security, love, and approval from their caregivers or social group.

Also, children at this age are developing their sense of empathy and understanding of the world. If they are consistently exposed to divisive or hateful ideologies, their ability to empathize with others may be compromised. They may begin to view people outside of their immediate group as threats or enemies, which can have long-term consequences for their social development.

The Impact of Early Exposure to Extremist Environments

While children under 7 are unlikely to engage directly in violent actions associated with radicalisation, early exposure to extremist environments can set the stage for future radical beliefs and behaviours. For example, a child who grows up in a home where violent or hateful rhetoric is normalised may struggle to develop critical thinking skills or question extremist ideas later in life. This early indoctrination can serve as a foundation for more active engagement in radical ideologies as the child matures, moving through stages of self-identification and indoctrination.

Children are also highly vulnerable to feelings of fear, confusion, and anxiety in environments characterised by conflict or hostility. If they witness acts of aggression or violence tied to radical ideologies, it can have long-lasting effects on their emotional well-being, potentially leading to trauma that reinforces radical beliefs as a coping mechanism.

Preventing Radicalisation in Early Childhood

To prevent radicalisation from taking root in early childhood, it is essential to focus on fostering positive, inclusive, and nurturing environments for young children. Early education plays a pivotal role in shaping a child’s worldview. Programs that promote critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and empathy can help build resilience against radical influences. Teaching children about diversity, cooperation, and kindness from a young age can counteract extremist messages they may encounter elsewhere.

Parents and caregivers also play a central role in preventing early radicalisation. Encouraging open dialogue, teaching conflict resolution skills, and modelling inclusive behaviours are crucial for shaping children’s social and emotional development. If a child is in a high-risk environment, community support networks can offer intervention strategies, such as providing alternative role models and offering counselling services for both children and their families.

To Summarise…

Radicalisation in early childhood is a hidden but significant concern, as young children are especially vulnerable to the influences of their social environment. While they may not fully understand radical ideologies, early exposure to such ideas can shape their development in profound ways. By focusing on early intervention, promoting inclusive education, and supporting families, we can work to prevent the seeds of radicalisation from taking root in the crucial early years of a child’s life. Fostering empathy, critical thinking, and a sense of belonging in diverse communities is essential for ensuring that children grow up with the tools to resist extremist ideologies.

AUTHOR:- Iona has nearly 10 years of experience supporting nurseries and childminders in curriculum planning, leadership, and safeguarding. Her writing is informed by public information and sector insight, aiming to provide accessible, practical support for professionals working with children. She is part of the On the Button team, helping deliver Well-being, Safeguarding and Complaint Management Software that empowers practitioners to identify concerns early and act confidently.

On the Button provides innovative software tailored to the needs of the early years sector, with a strong focus on EYFS well-being and early years safeguarding. Our tools help senior practitioners to confidently track concerns, maintain robust records, and respond effectively — all while meeting statutory guidance. From early years complaint management to team-wide safeguarding alerts, our platform puts children's safety and emotional health first.